Watching wildlife without disturbing it
Most of the wildlife on a hill walk is seen by people who walk quietly and stop often. The aim is to notice, not to approach.
Move slowly and look far
Early morning and dusk are the best times. Walk slowly, pause at gates and corners, and scan the far edges of fields and woodland, not only the path in front of you.
Binoculars are the most useful single item: they let you watch from a distance that does not trouble the animal.
Keep your distance
If an animal changes its behaviour because of you, you are too close. Keep dogs on a lead near livestock and ground-nesting birds, and take your litter home, including fruit peel.